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Individual Retirement Account (IRA)
A retirement account that may be established by an employed person. IRA contributions are tax deductible according to certain guidelines, and the gains in the account are tax-deferred.
Individual Retirement Account (IRA) rollover
A provision of the law governing IRA's that enables a retiree or anyone receiving a lump_sum payment from a pension_plan, profit-sharing, or salary reduction plan to transfer the amount into an IRA.
Individual tax return
A tax return filed by an individual to account for their personal income and taxes payable.
Inductive reasoning
The attempt to use information about a specific situation to draw a conclusion.
Industrial production
A statistic determined by the Federal Reserve Board focusing on the total output of all US factories and mines on a monthly basis. Used as an economic_indicators.
Industrial revenue bond (IRB)
A bond issued by local government agencies on behalf of corporations.
Industrials
General term used in the financial markets to refer to companies manufacturing, producing, or distributing goods and services.
Industry
The category describing a company's primary business activity. This category is usually determined by the largest portion of revenue.
Industry allocation
Investment of certain proportions of a portfolio in certain industries. Sometimes called sector allocation.
Inefficient portfolio
Group of assets dominated by at least one other portfolio under the mean variance rule. For example, if A has both lower return and higher volatility than B, we say A is dominated by B.
Infant industry argument
Argument that industries in the developing and emerging sectors of the economy need protection against international competition in order to establish themselves.
Inflation
The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising.
Inflation accounting
Accounting practices allowing for the effects of inflation.
Inflation hedge
Investments designed to hedge against inflation and the loss of purchasing power associated with it.
Inflation risk
Also called purchasing power risk, the risk that changes in the real return the investor will realize after adjusting for inflation will be negative.
Inflation uncertainty
The fact that future inflation rates are not known. It is a possible contributing factor to the makeup of the term structure of interest rates.
Inflation-escalator clause
A clause in a contract providing for increases or decreases in inflation depending on fluctuations in the cost of living, production costs, and so forth.
Inflation-indexed securities
Securities such as bonds or notes that guarantee a return higher than the rate of inflation if the security is held to maturity.
Inflexible expenses
Expenses that cannot be adjusted or eliminated such as car payments or rental payments. Antithesis of flexible expenses.
Information Agent
Agent whose primary task is to disseminate and explain the details of capital transactions.
Information asymmetry
Condition that information is known to some, but not all, participants.
Information Coefficient (IC)
The correlation between predicted and actual stock returns, sometimes used to measure the contribution of a financial analyst. An IC of 1.0 indicates a perfect linear relationship between predicted and actual returns, while an IC of 0.0 indicates no linear relationship.
Information content effect
The rise in the stock price following a dividend signal, or publication of some other related news.
Information costs
Transactions costs that include the assessment of the investment merits of a financial asset. Related: Search costs.
Information memorandum
A document detailing the project and project financing, usually in connection with a syndication.
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