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Account balance
Credits minus debits at the end of a reporting period.
Account executive
The brokerage firm employee who handles stock orders for clients. See Also: Broker
Account Party
Party who applies to open a bank for the issuance of a letter of credit.
Account reconciliation
The reviewing and adjusting of the balance in a personal checkbook to match your bank statement.
Account statement
In the context of banking, refers to a summary of all balances.

In the context of securities, a summary of all transactions and positions (long and short) between a broker /dealer and a client. See also: Option agreement.

Accountant's opinion
A signed statement from an independent public accountant after examination of a firm's records and accounts. The opinion may be unqualified or qualified. See: Qualified opinion.
Accounting earnings
Earnings of a firm as reported on its income statement.
Accounting exposure
The change in the value of a firm's foreign currency-denominated accounts due to a change in exchange rates.
Accounting insolvency
Total liabilities exceed total assets. A firm with a negative net worth is insolvent on the books.
Accounting liquidity
The ease and quickness with which assets can be converted to cash.
Accounts payable
Money owed to suppliers.
Accounts receivable
Money owed by customers.
Accounts receivable financing
A short-term financing method in which accounts receivable are collateral for cash advances. See: Factoring.
Accounts receivable turnover
The ratio of net credit sales to average accounts receivable, which is a measure of how quickly customers pay their bills.
Accredited investor
Refers to an individual whose net worth, or joint net worth with a spouse, exceeds $1,000,000; or whose individual income exceeded $200,000 or whose joint income with a spouse exceeded $300,000 in each of the 2 most recent years and can be expected to meet that income in the current year. More details of the definitions for investors other that individuals are found in Regulation D of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Accreting Swap
An interest rate swap in which the notional principal amount increases over time, for example as with a construction loan provided in tranches as each stage of the project is completed.
Accretion (of a discount)
In portfolio accounting, a straight-line accumulation of capital gains on a discount bond in anticipation of receipt of par at maturity.
Accrual Accounting Convention
An accounting system that tries to match the recognition of revenues earned with the expenses incurred in generating those revenues. It ignores the timing of the cash flows associated with revenues and expenses.
Accrual basis
In the context of accounting, practice in which expenses and income are accounted for as they are earned or incurred, whether or not they have been received or paid. Antithesis of cash basis accounting.
Accrual bond
A bond on which interest accrues but is not paid to the investor during the time of accrual. The amount of accrued interest is added to the remaining principal of the bond and is paid at maturity.
Accrued benefits
The pension benefits earned by an employee according to the years of the employee's service.
Accrued discount
Interest that accumulates on savings_bond from the date of purchase until the date of redemption or final maturity, whichever comes first. Series A, B, C, D, E, EE, F, I, and J are discount or accrual_bond bonds, meaning principal and interest are paid when the bonds are redeemed. Series G, H, HH, and K are current_income_bonds, and the semiannual interest paid to their holders is not included in accrued discount.
Accrued interest
Applies mainly to convertible_security. Interest that has accumulated between the most recent payment and the sale of a bond or other fixed-income security. At the time of sale, the buyer pays the seller the bond's price plus "accrued interest," calculated by multiplying the coupon rate by the fraction of the coupon period that has elapsed since the last payment. (If a bondholder receives $40 in coupon payments per bond semiannually and sells the bond one-quarter of the way into the coupon period, the buyer pays the seller $10 as the latter's proportion of interest earned.)
Accrued market discount
The rise in the market value of a discount bond as it approaches maturity (when it is redeemable at par) and not because of falling market interest rates.
Accumulate
Broker /analyst recommendation that could mean slightly different things depending on the broker/analyst. In general, it means to increase the number of shares of a particular security over the near term, but not to liquidate other parts of the portfolio to buy a security that might skyrocket. A buy recommendation, but not an urgent buy.
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